Electrical devices and their effective use

At the moment, almost everyone wants to learn to save electricity in everyday life.Energy saving in everyday life is considerable popularly, as it does not require special investments, but can save significantly

Electricity tariffs are constantly growing.This is why many people try to limit their costs.Now there are a huge amount of special information that will help meet the elementary rules of the energy consumption culture.If you are interested, you can read about reactive energy compensation.

Economy in the lighting of public places

Generally, to solve this problem, you need to define movement sensors.They will help include lighting only in the necessary period.If these devices are covered at the entrance, you will need to remember that your home can save a significant amount of funds.If necessary, you can also significantly save your funds.To perform this process, you need to install a semiconductor diode in a wire break.

Now the diode will need to be placed on the circuit breaker.The diode will perform a certain amount of electricity by itself.The voltage will be significantly reduced and you can significantly save your funds.

Electricity economy when using appliances

Electricity in everyday life is responsible for 9 to 10% of all necessary energy.And although, when using domestic electrical engineering, the possibilities of energy conservation (compared to warming and hot water) are limited, but according to the bills you paid, you see that this type of energy is relative to roads.When buying domestic electrical engineering, pay attention to energy consumption, compare various models and manufacturers.

In a family of 4 people 1/5 of electricity, will take care of things and clothes.The use of modern technology and a change in our habits will save up to 40% of electricity

ENERGY SAVING IN KITCHEN

If you plan to use an electric kettle, you do not need to fill it until the end.Water should be spilled in quantities that is sufficient for a certain period.This should be done so that the kettle does not use additional electricity.If you plan to use an electric stove, remember that, to save a significant tool, you need to choose dishes that fully correspond to the size of the board.If you are interested, you can also read about thermostats that save energy.

The main directions of energy conservation in everyday life

Depending on climatic conditions, housing type and size, heating systems, gas availability, specific measures designed to save resources may vary.But the main directions of increased energy efficiency in everyday life are:

• Heat savings.Isolation of walls, ceilings and basements.Replacing windows and doors with new cracks and holes of metal or sealed seals.Installation behind the aluminum leaf heating battery or heat reflection screen.Replacing the cast iron radiators with bimetallic or aluminum.Loggia and balcony glasses.All measurements in the complex will help increase the temperature in the room by 4-5 degrees without increasing the cost of the coiner of eating.
• Saving water.The installation of the measurement device consumed water.Replacing rotary cranes in mixers with lever switches.Checking and repairing the drainage tank in the toilet, installing a tank of two men.Less usually bathe, use a shower more.Do not turn the water with a complete flow without much need.When shaving and brushing your teeth, close the crane.Use the dishwasher and the washing machine with relatively complete.In general, it is possible to reduce the flow of water 3-4 times.
• Gas economy.With individual gas heating, all measures designed to maintain heat and hot water automatically lead to gas saving.When cooking, it is rational to use modern stainless steel dishes with a polished background.All dishes must be clean and even correspond to the size of the burner.Check the adjacent density of the oven door so that the hot air does not come out.The cost reduction perspective is 2-3 times.

Lighting devices that save energy

Generally, apartments that have long runners use lighting that burns constantly.To start saving, you need to use incandescent energy saving lamps.These lamps have a long warranty and therefore you can definitely save significant funds.If you plan to choose high quality lamps, choose a good manufacturer.

Also, if you plan to save significant funds, you will only need to use light wallpaper.Try not to neglect natural light in your home.

Energy consumption in everyday life - Where can I save?

Of all energy consumption in everyday life, lion participation - 79% goes to warm up facilities, 15% of energy is spent on heat processes (water heating, cooking, etc.), 5% of energy consumes electrodomers and 1% energy is consumed for lighting, radio and television equipment.

What is 1 kW of energy?

You will need 1 kW of energy to:

• 50 hours to listen to the radio;
• 110 hours shave with an electrical eyebrow;
• For 17 hours, leave a 60 watt light burning;
• 12 hours watch a colorful TV;
• Vacuum 2 hours;
• Take a 5 -minute bath;
• Heat a complete water bath to 6 degrees (150 L).

Safe work with electricity in everyday life

Electricity has been working for almost two centuries for almost two centuries and, from year to year, its role in the life of a modern person has been constantly increasing.We can also boldly say that electricity currently has penetrated almost all the most important spheres of the life of modern society.

The widespread use of electricity is associated first and foremost with a simple mechanism for transforming it into other types of energy.With the help of a variety of types of heating devices, a person can receive thermal energy to cook or heat the facilities.In lighting devices, electricity becomes light and, with the help of an electric motor, easily transform the energy of electricity into mechanical energy.

But with all this, it is necessary to constantly remember that behind the visible innovation and the simplicity of electricity, a meaningful threat to human life and health can be hidden.When using various mechanisms to convert electricity, you should not forget for a minute on compliance with precautions and safe methods of working in electrical circuits and with the appliances included in these circuits.

Significantly complicates the situation that electric current is not possible to see or hear either.We can detect the presence of electrical current in the conductor only with the help of measuring devices designed especially for these purposes.

Therefore, the first condition for the correct use of electric current energy must be compulsory compliance with elementary rules and techniques for safe work with it.The study of the causes of electromatism in everyday life indicates that these causes are not in wide variety and do not change for several decades.

The main causes of electroumatism in everyday life are:

• violation of elementary rules and methods of work with electricity;
• Operation of defective appliances;
• careless handling of electrical installations in the personal plot;
• Attempts to repair independently electrical equipment and electrical wiring by people who do not have the necessary skills and qualifications.

It is necessary to remember the various of the most general rules, whose observance will allow you to protect yourself from all types of problems that usually arise during the operation of appliances:

1. Often the cause of electric shock is destroying the isolation of the electrical wiring (or electro -hluers) in the places accessible to touch them.For this reason, it is necessary to periodically conduct an external inspection of the electrical wiring and verify the resistance of the isolation of its wires and, if the insulation violation is detected, take the most urgent measures to restore it.
2. All electrical circuits should be protected from short circuits and overloads using automatic circuit breakers or soft inserts installed on the corresponding lines (in the distribution shields of the house or apartment).Current installations of these devices must be calibrated so that protective devices are activated in currents exceeding the defined values.
3. The operation of apartment electrical networks is possible only with completely reparable installation elements of wiring (sockets, distribution boxes, switches etc.).
4. The network cables of domestic electrical appliances in places of damage or breaking of conductive nuclei can be very heated, which is usually the cause of the fire of the wires.Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the maintenance of network cable wires and forks.
5. Before repairing the electrical apparatus with failure, it is necessary to turn off this electrical device from the network.But the most ideal solution in this case will be the invitation of a qualified specialist who will quickly and efficiently eliminate malfunction.
6. It is necessary to very carefully monitor the presence of protective grounding of all metal parts and boxes of electrical installations.Protection ground will reliably protect you from electric shock in case of insulation of electrical wiring and when the network voltage appears in the case of the electrical apparatus.

Chronology of practical use of electricity

Almost at the same time, electricity theory begins the history of the practical application of electricity.In 1809, the Englishman Delaru was building the first incandescent lamp with a tungsten wire.But this lamp differs from modern incandescent lamps, such as a trolley wheel from the boat's slopes.

65 years passed until July 11, 1874, Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin did not patent the first incandescent lamp in a vacuum bottle.In general, in this 19th century, lamps were invented as "hot pies".

This is the Didrichson lamp (the improved Lodengin lamp) and the yablochkov candle (the first lamp in which it was not necessary to maintain the distance between the electrodes) and Edison's lamp with an incandescent platinum thread in 1879. Edison was the first to invent (patented) an exchange.

But platinum wires could not have much use after Lodengin in 1890 in 1890 of the incandescent wires of refractory materials: molybdenum and tungsten.Tungsten wires still illuminate most of humanity.

Industrial production of incandescent lamps began in 1905. Industrial production became possible based on patent No. 34541 of two Hungarians: Sandora Eustor and France Hanaman in 1904.

Practical use of electricity applies not only to the lighting of houses and streets.Ca transformers are created, electric motors are created, operating first from the direct current and then asynchronous motors of the alternating current.

But the basis of the basic use of electricity is the development or production of electric current with electrical stations.The first electric plant was an electric generator of the transformative energy of an electrical energy steam machine.

At first, electric generators provided electricity to separate factories, workshops.In 1880, the city's first plants began to be built.The first electric plant was built in 1882 in New York, under the leadership of the same Edison.

Saving the help of reasonable self -restriction can be a significant amount of money.Let's look at some simple but effective energy conservation methods in everyday life.

Heat saving

The isolation of window and door blocks allows you to increase the temperature in apartments and houses by 4-5 ° C and abandon the electric heater, which consumes up to 4000 kW ∙ h during the season.There are several simple ways of insulation:

• Racing flakes in windows and doors.For this, assembly foams, self -expandable sealing ribbons, silicone and acrylic sealants, etc. are used.The result is an increase in air temperature in the room by 1-2 degrees;
• Sealing the narthex of windows and doors with the help of various seals and auto -signing joints.The window seal is performed not only around the perimeter, but also among the frames.The result is an increase in room temperature by 1-3 degrees;
• Installation of new plastic or wooden windows with multi -caliber double glaz windows, glass with heat reflection movie and fans.Then the temperature in the room will be stable in winter and summer, the air - fresh, the need to periodically open the window will disappear, throwing a large volume of hot air.The result is an increase in the temperature in the room by 2-5 degrees and a decrease in the noise level of the street;
• Installation of the second door at the entrance of the apartment (house).The result is an increase in temperature in the room by 1-2 degrees, a decrease in the external noise level and gas content;
• Installing a heat reflection screen (or aluminum foil) on the wall behind the heating radiator.The result is an increase in temperature in the room to 1 degree.Try not to close the radiators with dense curtains, screens, furniture - the heat will be distributed more efficiently in the room.Replace aluminum cast iron radiators: your heat transfer is 40-50% higher.If radiators are installed taking into account convenient removal, it is possible to rinse them regularly, which also helps to increase heat transfer.The parallel or loggia windowfold is equivalent to installing an additional window.This creates a thermal buffer with an intermediate 10 ° C temperature higher than on the street in severe ice.It is not uncommon when there is a problem not with the lack of heat, but with its excess.The solution will be the installation of the thermostat on the radiators.

Electric Energy Economy

Replace common incandescent lamps with LED.Its life is 20 times more than the incandescent lamp, consumption is 8 times smaller.During operation, light pays 8 to 10 times.Use local lamps when there is no need for general lighting.Take a rule, leaving the room, extinguishing the light.Disconnect the devices that are in waiting mode for a long time.TVs, computer and music centers in waiting mode consume energy from 3 to 10 W ∙ h.During the year, this equipment, including loaders left in sockets, will provide additional energy consumption of 200 to 300 kWh.

Use the energy efficiency technique at least A. Additional energy consumption for outdated domestic devices is approximately 50%.

Do not install the refrigerator next to a gas stove or a heating radiator.This increases energy consumption by a refrigerator by 20 to 30%.The refrigerator sealing should be clean and strongly adjusted to the body and door.Even a small seal gap increases power consumption by 20 to 30%.Let the products cool at room temperature before placement in the refrigerator.Do not forget to defrost the refrigerator more often

Do not close the refrigerator radiator, leave the gap between the living room wall and the rear wall of the refrigerator so that it can cool freely.

If you have an electric stove in your kitchen, make sure your burners are not deformed and strongly adjacent to the bottom of the heated dishes.This will eliminate excessive heat and electricity consumption.

Do not turn on the stove in advance and turn it off -a little earlier than necessary to prepare the plate.Boil in an electric kettle as much water as possible.

Use light colors when decorating the walls of the apartment.Light walls, light curtains, clean windows, a reasonable number of colors reduces lighting costs by 10 to 15%.

Write down the readings of electricity meters and analyze how to reduce electricity consumption.

Turn off or transfer the computer to bedtime if there is no need for constant operation.With the work of continuous round -the work, the computer consumes 70-120 kW ∙ h per month.If necessary, continuous operation is more efficient for using a laptop or a computer with reduced power consumption.In general, it is quite possible to reduce electricity consumption by 40-50% without reducing the quality of life and damage to habits.

Saving water

Be sure to install water meters.This will motivate to reduce the flow of water.Install lever switches on taps instead of rotating cranes.The water economy will be 10 to 15% more convenience in temperature selection.Do not turn the water to the total pressure.In 90% of cases, a small jet is sufficient, water consumption is reduced by 4-5 times.When washing and bathing, turn off the water when not necessary.The shower takes 10 to 20 times less water to accept the bath.Significant water saving occurs when two threshold drainage tanks are used.It is necessary to carefully verify the presence of water leakage from the drainage tank, which occurs due to the old accessories.Replacing accessories is not a very expensive event, but water savings are significant.Through a thin flow of leakage, you can lose several cubic meters of water per month.In general, a reduction in water consumption is 4 times - the task is very performed and low.

Gas economy

Gas saving is relevant if gas meters are installed in the apartments, there are individual heating points.In this case, all measures to save heat and hot water lead to gas economy.When cooking, there are also opportunities to save gas:

• The flame of the burner should not go beyond the bottom of the pan, pots, kettle, otherwise you just heat the air in the apartment (saving 50% or more);
• The deformed dishes bottom leads to a gas spent up to 50%;
• The dishes where foods are prepared should be clean and not buried.Contaminated dishes require 4-6 times more gas to cook;
• Use economic dishes, these qualities are usually indicated by your manufacturer.The most energetic economic products are made of stainless steel with a polished background, especially with a copper or aluminum layer.Aluminum dishes, nail polish, with non -economic teflon coating;
• The oven door should firmly fit the body of the plate and not release the hot air.In general, simply economic use of gas reduces consumption by 2 times, the use of proposed measures - about 3 times.

Energy efficiency for modern society is an axiom.Economic use of heat, electricity, water and gas allows you to reduce your own costs and improve the environmental situation on the planet as a whole.

Conclusion

The relatively not too long but rapid development of the practical use of electricity is undoubtedly the greatest achievement of humanity.But no matter what the grandery plants work in our country, all of them where there is far away.For the consumer, the main and family is the electrician of his apartment and home.How to make electrical wiring in an apartment and a home that electric networks are used for domestic needs, such as producing electrical equipment such as repairing an electrician with their own hands.